Yalcin has signed a four-year contract with the TFF.
"Sergen Yalcin is opening a new chapter in his career, bringing the experience he gained at club level to the national team and working for the success of our A National Football Team," the Turkish football association said on its website.
"As the Turkish Football Federation, we wish Yalcin success in his new role and hope that this decision will be beneficial for our country and our A National Team."
Turkey had been without a manager since sacking Vincenzo Montella earlier in October. The Italian was fired after disappointing results at the 2026 FIFA World Cup and in the UEFA Nations League, where Turkey sit last in Group 1A after four losses from as many games.
Yalcin, 53, last managed Besiktas during the 2025/26 season, having replaced Ole Gunnar Solskjaer in August 2025. In his second spell at the Black Eagles - Yalcin previously led the club to the domestic double in the 2020/21 season - he finished fourth, 17 points behind champions Galatasaray.
Yalcin, a former 37-time Turkish international and 5-time Super Lig champion as a player, previously also managed Gaziantepspor, Sivasspor, Konyaspor, Eskisehirspor, Alanyaspor, Yeni Malatyaspor, and Antalyaspor.
Turkey face Belgium (November 12th) and France (November 15th) in their final two games of the UEFA Nations League.
